Articles for Hospitality Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theArticles for Hospitality Management. Answer: Article 1# When Culture Doesnt Translate Erin Meyer critically described how working in an organization internationally can be troublesome in terms of shared norms and assumptions. Colleagues and clients working in the local organization can help them to share their own views, communicate easily and affect decision-making process as the culture is similar which leads to collaboration (Bjrkman et al. 2013, p.201). However, when the companies internationalize employees gets dispersed geographically and critically lose their interests as different countries react to inputs differently, decision-making process tends to be different and communicating process is different as well which leads to implicit communication and corporate culture clashes against local culture. Due to these factors, trust erodes between regional office and head office which significantly impacts the success of the company. The process of cultural disintegration and traditional solutions are no longer valid while companies internationalize. Erin Meyer crit ically provides five essential principles which can help the executives to prevent disintegration from running the business successfully. Efficiently applying these principles in management can help the company to enhance the chances of success (Awadh and Alyahya, 2013, p.1068). The five principles are identification the dimensions of difference, offering a voice to each member, protection towards the creative units, efficient training in key norms and being heterogeneous. Article 2# Japanese Business Discourse of Oneness In terms of the global business world, English dominates the sector as a lingua franca. English is widely spoken all over the world and it is considered as the language of international business. It is widely considered by the international managers that undermining English fluency can lead to enhance the ability in global communication which is desired for business globally (Girard and Harris, 2013, p.440). However, English should not be termed as a language for global communication as there are various perspectives of different communicating cultures which should also be considered for effective communication. The Japanese language is one of them which have unique features and communication styles. The inheritance and acceptance of the Japanese and other languages must be considered for achieving common business ground in terms of local workers, partners, expatriates, buyers, and sellers. Continuous dialog with mutual empathy is desired between these members for respecting the cult ures and values of each party which will definitely bring success and trust factor. Humanity is much more needed than nationality which should be considerably achieved by respecting self and others goal of interaction (Hatzky and Stites Mor, 2014, p.139). Empathy in transregional and transnational communication transcends cultural, national and regional boundaries which are critical in terms of successful global business. Article 3# Ten Most Useful Websites for Conducting Business with China The Chinese market has largely opened its market to the world; hence it is required to learn the business culture, business environment, marketplace as well as legislative regulations for gaining the strategic positioning of business. The ten listed websites will provide the complete details of the Chinese market (He et al. 2013, p.191). The first website critically provides details about commercial information, business facilitation, trade promotion and policy support for U.S. The second website is a B2B portal for China-U.S business and incorporates two main stakeholders. The third website provides details about the comprehensive resources of Chinese business. The fourth website provides detailed information about business and investment promotion which is assisted by Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and regional government authorities. The fifth website lets foreign investors learn about the up-to-date statistical data of China as desired. The sixth website is th e leading B2B service provider in terms of growing market of e-commerce in China. The seventh website provides details about China market in terms of international trade. The eight website describes Chinas international economic and trade cooperation (Witt and Redding, 2013, p.298). The ninth website details about procurement and sourcing of products from China. Lastly, the tenth website provides detailed information in terms of media news, business sources and information in a daily basis. Article 4# The US Struggles in APEC's Trade Politics American political structure is a driving force behind the activities of APEC such as the implementation of liberalization measures, the establishment of free trade area, the establishment of guidelines and security issues in terms of terrorism activities. The 1st and 2nd period among the four periods were critically objected by Japan and China (Terada, 2013, p.51). However, in the 3rd period, the Asian members did not support Bush in terms of combating terrorism by APEC even though it was considered as the primary structure in terms of economic cooperation. They typically supported the East Asian regionalism while excluding the U.S. Later in the 4th period, U.S. supported APEC as the primary structure for liberalization and forced for TPP. During this period, trade liberalization rooted through APEC in the form of discriminatory, reciprocity-based norms and legally binding. This, in turn, resulted in American coalition-building approach by promoting Trans-pacific partnership or TPP as an existing integration structure. This created a competitive ground in terms of regional trading policies with china that eventually became intense (Feinberg, 2003, p.1039). This is the first time when U.S. typically combined its norm and preferred agenda together. The TPP is a wide challenge towards the rise of regional trade politics of China as a quality regional framework beyond WTO. Article 5# Saving the Business without losing the Company In the business year 1999, the standardization and combination of the business platform of two well-renowned companies namely Nissan and Renault had made a huge impact globally. The CEO of Renault Louis Schweitzer had initiated the process by leading a turnaround strategy for Nissan at Tokyo which was a struggling Japanese motor giant (Ghosn, 2002, p.43). This was typically due to the fact that the two companies Nissan and Renault had agreed upon an essential strategic alliance among them. The agreement was assumed that Renault will be providing $5.4 billion debt of Nissan and in return, Renault will take 36.6% of equity stake from the Japanese company. This deal critically assisted both the companies and made wide sense as Renault will reduce the debt of Nissan and Nissan will strength in the North America will significantly fill the gap for Renault. The skills and capabilities of both the companies were unique which on combining enhanced their capabilities at a higher stake (Park, 2013, p.4379). Renault was well known for its innovative and creative design in the global world whereas Nissan is known for its quality skills in engineering. This had created a huge impact globally and gained a competitive advantage as well. Article 6# Fostering Transformative Global Leadership Leadership is culturally influenced, socially constructed and defined within social, environmental and historical contexts. Leaders must change their strategies based on the changing markets, solve complex problems and coordinate among compelling differences in a larger scale. For enhancing the abilities and skills of future leaders, the innovative approach incorporates appreciative inquiry methods, self-authorships, global leadership enhancement and cultural competency (Lozano et al. 2013, p.11). The formative approach is formed for preparing leaders that are eligible to handle social challenges, construct inclusive organizations and incorporate intercultural partnerships within different global communities with various cross-cultural abilities set. Global leaders are engaged towards influencing international communities in terms of sharing common goals and visions. Global leadership focuses on comprehending the relationship between leaders and followers towards the external environ ment that are featured by steady flux, interdependence, and ambiguity. However, enhancing global leaders in undergraduate level is quite challenging and requires analysis and practices to set the appropriate beliefs and values in them. The culturally relevant leaders must have the capacity and ability to solve any complex challenges as well as work across and within differences (Muff, 2013, p.505). This strategy will help to transform the agent of the undergraduate level into quality leadership talent during the crucial enhancement period. Reference List Journals- Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p.168. Bjrkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mkel, K., Smale, A. and Sumelius, J., 2013. Talent or not? Employee reactions to talent identification.Human Resource Management,52(2), pp.195-214. Feinberg, R.E., 2003. The political economy of United States free trade arrangements.The world economy,26(7), pp.1019-1040. Ghosn, C., 2002. Saving the business without losing the company.Harvard Business Review,80(1), pp.37-45. Girard, B. and Harris, L.M., 2013, October. Considering world history as a space for developing global citizenship competencies. InThe Educational Forum(Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 438-449). Taylor Francis Group. Hatzky, C. and Stites Mor, J., 2014. Latin American Transnational Solidarities: Contexts and Critical Research Paradigms.Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research,20(2), pp.127-140. He, J., Mao, X., Rui, O.M. and Zha, X., 2013. Business groups in China.Journal of Corporate Finance,22, pp.166-192. Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F.J., Huisingh, D. and Lambrechts, W., 2013. Declarations for sustainability in higher education: becoming better leaders, through addressing the university system.Journal of Cleaner Production,48, pp.10-19. Muff, K., 2013. Developing globally responsible leaders in business schools: A vision and transformational practice for the journey ahead.The Journal of Management Development,32(5), pp.487-507. Park, M., 2013. Understanding merger incentives and outcomes in the US mutual fund industry.Journal of Banking Finance,37(11), pp.4368-4380. Terada, T., 2013. The US Struggles in APECs Trade Politics: Coalition-Building and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific.International Negotiation,18(1), pp.49-66. Witt, M.A. and Redding, G., 2013. Asian business systems: Institutional comparison, clusters and implications for varieties of capitalism and business systems theory.Socio-Economic Review,11(2), pp.265-300.

William Shakespeare Essay Example

William Shakespeare Essay William Shakespeare was a writer, not a politician. But he was destined by the very fact of his greatness to become a theorist of politics as well. The temptation to find a sign of theory for politics in his work is too strong to resist – it is almost unbelieveable that a great writer living in England in the XVI-XVII centuries could escape greatest political and philosophical debates.Shakespeare did not. He was deeply involved into the context of his time, where state and power were among main subjects of concern. During all periods of his work, Shakespeare was formulating his own attitude towards the tendencies that shortly afterwards led to English revolution. The historical material he used was mainly about the period of long-lasting feudal conflicts in England.The problem as well as the approach were not unique. The so-called â€Å"political skill† was a matter of concern for many, especially those who denied its Divine origins. Naturally, political systems in Euro pe gave all resons for that. Christendom, a concept of the early Medieval period, has failed. European political space did not unify, more than that – it became evedent, that it was gradually disintegrated. Reformation and subsequent political conflicts, enspired by religious hostility, led to a raise of quite a â€Å"multipolar† world in Europe, in which intrigue and statecraft played sometimes   very important role – much more important than religious or ethnic motives. Especailly true that was about Italian states: difficult political environment and lack of unity made it vitaly important to improve political skills of the leadership. Something like that was later actual for France and England.Italian writer thus became the first to analyze the nature and peculiarities of political processes. Nicolo Machiavelli summed his conclusions in his â€Å"Prince†, which became an example of â€Å"pragmatic† view on power, so uncommon for Europeans of t he time. Undoubtedly, ideas expressed by Machiavelli influenced many people including writers and Shakespeare in particular. But such influence was accompanied by personal implications as well as by historical background. What was actual and true about Italian cities could have been absolutely incorrect about English counties.Thus historical plays by Shakespeare, in particular Henry IV and Richard II, are the exapmles of an English interpretation of Italian theory, which have something to share and in some ways opposes the latter. Shakespeare is neither an adept, not a critic of Machiavelli – he is an analyst of his own, concerned about the problems facing his society. Two strong motives may be observed in Shakespeare’s plays: 1) a support for the Divine Right of kings, which means that there is a need for some kind of justification of hereditary power, upon which stability may be created; 2) a call for â€Å"pragmatic† rule in the sense that power obtained from God should be exercised in the way that make people (in broad sense) more happy.Such a view, or synthesis, was not new or unique. New was the form of expression, the way in which Shakespeare described his point. Dialogues and scenes of Henry IV and Richard II are simple and clear but they convey some deep thoughts. A motive for Divine Right had been also expressed in Richard III, where the figure of main character dominates the whole scene from the beginning to the end. Something very much alike one may see in Richard II, with more complicated plot and composition. Shakespeare demonstrates that royal power is not something to enjoy.O villains, vipers, damnd without redemption!Dogs, easily won to fawn on any man!Snakes, in my heart-blood warmd, that sting my heart!Three Judases, each one thrice worse than Judas!Would they make peace? Terrible hell make warUpon their spotted souls for this offence!(W. Shakespeare. King Richard II. Act III, Scene 2.)For him this is something to be res ponsible for, probably – something to sacrifice or die for. Returning to Medieval tradition, we may found some pre-christian analogies in feudal conflicts. One king must equal for one God and that will be good.A dialogue between Falstaff and Poins may seem to prove that there is nothing divine in royal power. But later on it becomes evident that royal power which is destined gives sense of unlimited power.Such neighbour nearness to our sacred bloodShould nothing privilege him nor partializeThe unstooping firmness of my upright soul.(W. Shakespeare, King Richard II, Act I, Scene 1).Divine power means not very much responsibility by the definition. This is the place, Shakespeare makes his own point. Showing life of princes and king himself in Henry IV, he shows that Divine power is something that may disappear, or something that may be overtaken by people. â€Å"Special† effects, used in Henry IV, outline this idea. The plot is filled with small funny scenes from real li fe, showing how they affect political proceccess. A prince and a king are common people – again not a new idea, but expressed in new forms. An idea of destiny is outlined in several ways:Edwards seven sons, whereof thyself art one,Were as seven vials of his sacred blood,Or seven fair branches springing from one root.Some of those seven are dried by natures course,Some of those branches by the Destinies cut;(W. Shakespeare, King Richard II, Act I, Scene 2).One of the main ideas central for Shakespeare is the role of absolute royal power in general. Combining several approaches to it, trying to join Divine rights with very concrete responsibilities, Shakespeare although supports the view that the more power for a monarch the better. The reason for that is probably the political situation in England. The XV century was full of intrenal conflicts and wars. They were the main sourse for instability. Quite naturally, the reason seemed to be a weak royal power. The example of France demonstrated how strong monarch could win wars and guarantee trade and flourishing. Big English feudals – the Yorks, the Sommersets, the Northumberlands, the Hotspurs and others – were seeing as the main disorganizing force in the state. That was quite natural.Feudal anarchy is opposed by the idea of central power. For Shakespeare such power was only possible under a monarch, although republicans of the time had probably something to object. Royal power could only be possible with the idea of its Divine origin. Supported by church, such system would have been stable and long-lasting. This also implied the principle of hereditary power, with heirs strictly determined by family ties. Shakespeare could have vividly remebered the horrors of civil wars between the Yorks and the Lancasters, as well as conflicts preceeding Queen’s Elizabeth reign. The problem was widely discussed at the time, so it was almost impossible not to mention it while describing royal life. R egarfing all that one may understand the meaning of long dialogues on the topic, which are found in many of Shakespeare’s plays. All that is directly connected with the idea od Divine rights and with the problem of the transition of those rights.In Henry IV, Shakespeare describes the rule of the king as full of upraisals and other destabilizing events. The reason for them is the wrong policy adopted by the monarch, uneffective management, to put it in a more modern way.Here comes another part of a story. Shakespeare thus puts forward a thesis on â€Å"effective† use of power. That is very close to Machiavelli. An Italian was free from occupation with Divine rights. Despite he put all efforts to improve effectiveness of power, of whatever origin. Shakespeare shows miscalculations of Henry IV as leading to disasters. The episode of usurping power by Bolingbrock may be seen differently. It may be seen as a prelude for further troubles: by capturing power he violated Divin e rights which was the reason for further problems. But it also may look like a very â€Å"pragmatic† mistake. By creating a precedent, he opened way for other feudals, who from now on were just waiting for political mistakes. This could have been easily corrected by some measures without reviewing Divine status of power.Since Henry IV came to power with the help of feudals their relations are far from those of lord and servants. Divine status thus gives way to practical political reasons, which is so close to Machiavelli. The same picture is shown in Richard II. The constant dependancy on feudals and lack of Divine status is the everlasting problem of such king.Thus a strong royal power is a political good since it promotes the well-being of the whole society. But a king is to be somehow â€Å"up to his status†. This idea is illustrated in Henry IV:I stay too long by thee, I weary thee.Dost thou so hunger for mine empty chairThat thou wilt needs invest thee with my ho noursBefore thy hour be ripe? O foolish youth!(W. Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Part II, Act IV, Scene 5)For a king to be â€Å"effective†, he has to possess some moral qualities. Such a monarch is rarely found in Shakespeare’s plays.Unlike Shakespeare, Machiavelli considers heir’s status as just one from many important factors. A king for Machiavelli is just one of the politicians who have almost equal chances for success. Just like he compares Turkey and France to illustrate comparative difficulty of conquest, one may compare systems of non-absolute and absolute monarchy. The latter is easy to capture but difficult to retain. Later on these ideas on structural power were developed, for example, by A. Gramsci.Both for Shakespeare and for Machiavelli king’s moral qualitites are of some importance since they help retain power. The result is responsibility for both:Canst thou, o partial sleep, give thy reposeTo the wet sea-boy in an hour so rude;And in the ca lmest and most stillest night,With all appliances and means to boot,Deny it to a king? Then, happy low, lie down!Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.(W. Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part II, Act 3, Scene 1.)Shakespeare’s responsibility was different from Machiavelli’s. The latter’s was much more political. It demanded from a monarch constant struggle. Republican traditions of Italy can hardly be compared with political culture of England. Nevertheless, several problems were similar. Integration and unification seemed for Machiavelli possible only via skillful political operations. For Shakespeare there was an alternative – supported by Divine Right idea od centralized royal power. Both had something more important in common. They saw a royal power not as a value in itself, but as a tool for serving people. Weak power for Machivelli meant poor defense for people, first of all from external threat. Weak power for Shakespeare meant inner conflicts with people suffering from that most of all. An idea of Divine Right, central for Shakespeare did not prevent him from demanding a more skillful and effective politics serving people’s interests.Political situation in England was such that it demanded changes. The development of the state required modernization of political system. Old tasks were forgotten, the country needed to adapt for new economic situation. Shakespeare’s great role was to work out the experience of previous centuries and elaborate new remedies for new deseases. Divine Right was no longer enough; by defending it, Shakespeare dad not say that it should be the only basis and legitimator for royal power. At the end the skill and effectiveness would be judges. Obtaining royal power by Divine Right may be easy, but exersicing it is surely difficult. William Shakespeare Essay Example William Shakespeare Essay In the play, King Lear by William Shakespeare, King Learns character, actions and loss and regain of identity is reflected through his three daughters, General, Reagan and Cornelia. Both Reagan and General show material love. Goner mirrors Learns brutal, harsh side and beginning of his loss of identity. In the play, General will only accept a situation only if in her full command. This can be shown when, General tells that his solders are disordered, so debauched and bold, that the court, infected with their manners/Shows like a riotous inn (1. . 256) eventually asking him to lessen the amount of knights. Goner wants to gain control over Lear, by reducing his knights, but Lear does not want to because he believes he still has control, stating his knights as men of choice and rarest parts. Similar to Generals actions, Lear will only accept situation if in his full command. In Act 1 Scene 1, Lear asks all his daughters to flatter him, however he was rejected by Cornelia, eventually re sulting in Cordilleras encashment and discontent. Goner, not only reflects Learns actions against Cornelia, she also reflects Learns loss of power and identity. When she asks Lear to lessen his amount, it is clear that General will gain full control over Lear, eventually causing Lear to question who he truly Is. As Lear begins to lose his identity, he can see his reflection of brutality and harshness through his daughters, when they begin to overpower him. And regain of Identity Is reflected through his three daughters, We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Interview How to sometimes say no to your editor

Interview How to sometimes say no to your editor How to sometimes say 'no' to your editor - An interview with Gale Winskill Our 9th #freelancerfriday interview: â€Å"It does really worry me when authors take every suggestion that I make and implement it. I worry that they don’t believe enough in their own book. An author should always feel they can come back and say â€Å"I hate your suggestions but I accept that my original doesn’t work.† That’s healthy and that’s good. They can understand why you’ve made the criticism, but can then go away and find their own solution to a problem.†Gale Winskill  is a great editor. She offers the full set of editorial services, with a portfolio proving experience in an enormous variety of genres - including a strong background in editing children’s fiction. Below we talk plot-structure, polyediting, and a healthy way to work with an editor. Enjoy!What services do you provide?Mostly editing, proofreading and critiques, although I also do some training. I work with a variety of genres: a lot of fiction editing, bot h for adults and for children; a lot of academic editing for non-native speakers of English; non-fiction; children’s picture books; and manuscript critiques.Are there differences between editing adult and children’s fiction?Not very many. The basics of plot structure are essentially the same for both. The main difference is checking that the content is appropriate for the age group, that you’re talking about subjects that they can understand and follow, and that the language level is also suitable for the age category concerned.What do editors do for authors?The editor is the most critical reader you will ever encounter as an author. As an editor your role is partly to spot things that will be criticised, as well as what’s strong. An editor tries to make sure that the author doesn’t fall into those pitfalls. The author has an opportunity to address any weakness that might open their work  up to criticism before the book goes to print. The editor is very much a reader, first and foremost.Two editors will never think the same way, just as  two readers will find different things in the same text. I may have to tell an author that I can see why they did something one way, but that it may be perceived in a different way by readers. But how the author decides to address that is up to them. Your professional duty as an editor extends to telling an author what strikes you about a text, but at the end of the day it’s the author’s prerogative to ignore everything an editor says, as ultimately it’s their book.Is working with multiple editors a good practice for authors? Does having second opinions help?I think it usually ends up a mess. An author should find an editor they like and - while they don’t have to agree with everything the editor says - one they can work with.  If you have multiple editors it can be confusing. I might feel a particular character doesn’t work for a particular reason, wh ereas another editor might not see a problem. For authors, I don’t see how they can follow one person’s train of thought if they’re trying to compare that with another person’s train of thought.However, there’s a different argument for having more than one critique of a book. It might be interesting to see what various people pick up from reading a book without having them pull it apart.What kind of advice are you able to give an author?Judging by the responses of my authors, I’m good at spotting the weaknesses in a text and offering suggestions on how to resolve it. It does really worry me when authors take every suggestion that I make and implement it. I worry that they don’t believe enough in their own book. An author should always feel they can come back and say â€Å"I hate your suggestions but I accept that my original doesn’t work.† That’s healthy and that’s good. They can understand why you’v e made the criticism, but can then go away and find their own solution to a problem. Authors have told me that they knew something wasn’t working but couldn’t work out why. Once they know the reason they can go away and redraft it. I think authors prefer to be told when a book isn’t publishable in it’s current state but that it could be made to work if they do this and that, as opposed to publishing online and being slated. Authors appreciate criticism so long as it’s constructive, justified, and given in a diplomatic fashion.When should an author approach you with a work-in-progress? After the first draft is completed?Unless I’ve worked with an author for a while and I’m familiar with their work, I don’t like working on a book in pieces. As I work through the book I may change my mind about what I said in the first few chapters. If people send the work piecemeal, I don’t get a sense of the whole. I suggest to new author s that until they’re at the end of the process and are ready to submit it for editing, my seeing it doesn’t benefit them. It’s more constructive when the editor’s opinion is formed in one go.Thank you for your time Gale.

Health organization case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health organization case study - Essay Example The growth of the network may be attributed to dedicated workforce, excellent facilities, and a purposeful mission statement that drives towards providing high quality healthcare services that enhance people’s lives positively. Indeed, the network prides of having one of the largest hospitals in the US, the Banner Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, which also serves as the network’s headquarters. Moreover, the Banner Good Samaritan Hospital boasts of being a leader in a number of health services and treatments programs, including diabetes, heart care and surgery, and gynecology. Nevertheless, the network enjoys diversity not only in its workforce, but also in the clients it serves, especially considering that, different states have different demographic compositions. Care Management Banner Health values and takes cognizance of the importance of quality of service and patient satisfaction, as the drivers for excellent performance. In this regard, the network ha s put in place mechanisms to ensure its workforce deliver services with minimal or zero patient errors, as well as enhancing safety of both employees and patients in its facilities. In addition to improvement of quality, Banner Health has prioritized on cost control through elaborate management practices, care coordination and performance enhancement. Moreover, Banner Health promotes cross-facility harmonization through a system that ensures sharing of knowledge and information, as well as intergration of activities across the network. The success of this harmonization is evident from the fact that, medical services that patients receive in different Banner facilities are not only of high quality and timely, but they are also uniform across the system. In addition, sharing of knowledge allows healthcare professionals across the network to develop skills that will enhance their service delivery. However, due to diversity, Banner Health promotes functional teams and work groups that c ooperate in establishing and developing policy applicable in all facilities, but giving each facility the discretion to implement such policies. All these functions are enhanced though a dedicated team of professionals and leaders as well as an elaborate technology system that enhances communication across all facilities. Despite operating as not-for-profit organization, Banner Health has managed to be efficient in its operation, making it one of the best health care providers. Indeed, the organization was recognized earlier in year 2013 for excellence in quality, patient care and efficiency by a Truven Health Analysis survey (Banner Health Website, 2013). More specifically, Banner Health scored admirably in its ability to â€Å"save lives and causing fewer patient complications, compliance with industry-recommended standards, making fewer patient errors, releasing patients half a day sooner and patient satisfaction† (Banner Health Website, 2013). In order to enhance quality, the organization invests heavily in innovation as well as in performance management. Primarily, Banner Health collects data from all its facilities and then analyzes such data to measure the level of performance in comparison to predetermined goals and national standards. This allows the organization to identify any gaps that need improvement. Use of technology at Banner Health Banner Health has recognized the importance of technology in today’s health care environment. This aims at ensuring that services are provided with the

Blame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Blame - Essay Example The consequentialist theory holds that the moral rightness or ethicality of the act can only be determined by the actual consequences that the act yields (Armstrong). Also, the rules applicable to the acts of same kind or motivation behind the act, also determine the moral rightness of the act. If the consequences are good for the people than the act is also good. Based on the consequentialist theory, the terrorist’s actions held no moral rightness or ethicality as their acts directly resulted in the killing of thousands of people and indirectly it resulted in creating an atmosphere of fear for the Americans, and discrimination for the people of same ethnic and geographical background. Although all Muslims, be they devout or not, are not responsible for such actions and do not hold such enmity against Americans, yet, the actions of the terrorists resulted in reflecting upon the whole Muslim community. Which gives rise to the blame that if the actions of the terrorists were not morally right so are the actions of the people who discriminate against the Muslims or the Arabs are wrong; as being part of a learned civilization they should

Research report on substance related disorders

Research report on substance related disorders Substance use is a common factor world-wide throughout our social society. Substance related disorders are also on the rise due to its abusers. In todays world we witness thousands of people who pass away due to substance related disorders. Ask anybody in todays society if they know someone who has died, or has suffered severely due to any substance related use or abuse. Then ask them if that person who suffered a car accident or a short coma continues the substance use. Several who were asked, said yes to both. This is why our nations share this negative similarity worldwide. Millions of dollars are used in ways to clean-up and prevent substance users. Illegal substances are a major crisis that is shared all over the world. Treatments may vary among countries, but the enforcement of its illicit substance use is seen with the same urge of abolishing the trafficking and use. A substance user can be lead to the substance abuse, withdrawal, and even dependence. When referring to substance it refers to any natural or synthesized product that impairs psychoactive effects-it impairs behaviors, judgments, awareness, and emotions. (Susan Nolken-Hoekesma2008) Common symptoms that might give you an idea that someone you know may have a substance-related disorder according to the substance that is encapsulate by them is as follows below. In accordance to the substance alcohol, one may show signs of cognitive impairment, unable to walk straight, lack of motor skills, slurred speech. And depending on the mood or if depressed and depending on how much alcohol was consumed, depends on their change of behavior. For example, if a person were to start drinking due to work related stress or problems, that then will cause them to have a temperamental change to get physically and verbally aggressive. If a person were to drink passively and not consuming so much at once, may just cause relaxation, or even depression leading them to becoming sad and vulnerable. Alcohol withdrawal has its own set of symptoms such as rapid heart rate, trembling, and aggressiveness. When the body is being forced to stop a negatively daily routine the body starts to express the need and want of the substance, and is not able to function or focus without its intake on that certain substance its lacking. Alcohol withdrawal on the other hand can be a little scarier when chronic users of alcohol try to stop and have not consumed alcohol for a long time can have medical conditions as serious as hallucinations, or seizures. Alcohol although is a part of substance related disorders it contains different symptoms and treatments. Marijuana for instance is also a part of substance related disorders which contains its own set of symptoms. For example, dry mouth, feeling at a good state high, hallucinations, slowing down time and speech, and the desire for food. And as mentioned the ch ronic users are affected with stronger symptoms which may include psychiatric behaviors, red eyes, obsessed delusions, and neglecting others from society. Opioids is another subcategory of substance related disorders. Opioids are different sorts of pain medications such as morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone. Females who get addicted to opioids, have a higher rate of serious risk factors. For example, if a female is addicted to crack she will possibly have sex for drugs which will then increase her possibilities of becoming pregnant. If the female is then dependent of sex for drugs during her pregnancy the use of crack and heroin affects the baby before it is even born because they cross the placental barrier. As a result the babies who have taken crack through their mothers stomach they now have to go through the withdrawal stage right after birth, and may cause low birth weight babies due to the lack of maternal care. After abusing opioids, drugs symptoms may include; constri ction of pupils, behavioral changes, drowsiness, having a hard time focusing, and illusions. Overdosing on opioids may also cause seizures, and can even be life threatening or eventually lead to death. Withdrawal from opioids includes its own classification of withdrawal symptoms which include; nausea, vomiting, sweating, fever, insomnia, diarrhea, dilation of pupils, and contraction of the stomach muscle. According to research, a person who abuses or are dependent on the substance can respond differently psychologically and physiologically to substances compared to those who were not dependent or abusive to the substances. Age also may vary. The age of the user may affect them on a many different of ways among similar symptoms and side effects. Children, who may possibly be substance users, will be affected by growth effects. Not just growth, but motor skill development and cognitive development. Dreadful to say, but the innocent neonates, who have been fed by their drug/alcohol addicted mother have it the worse.FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) are babies of mothers who consumed heavily on alcohol while being pregnant. Sadly to say the children are affected by growth delay, mental retarded, facial deformation, and damage to the central nervous system, heat defects, skeletal abnormalities, and sadly many more abnormalities. There are also the crack babies the term comes from mothers who ar e addicted to crack and alcohol and other drugs while pregnant. The unfortunate neonates are clearly born addicted to the mothers entire intake of crack and other substances that were consumed, therefore are always crying. They are born prematurely, with small size heads compared to an infants sized head. The neonates also do not like to be touched or carried and have a difficult time bounding. They rate low on the APGAR scale, which consist of a test that measures their heart rate, complexion, muscle tone, reflex, and their breathing. Many of their organs are already destroyed and have a poor nervous system. Symptoms and dysfunctions only get worse with age. Needless to say fatality is also common among crack babies. Teenagers and young adolescents also have a dark substance abuse pathway. Many teenagers and young adults get together and gather their prescription drugs, such as Valium, Xanax, or Klonopin and either trade and or mix them as if they were baseball cards to produce euphoria feelings, and or to relax. The bring your own drugs parties become more frequent creating them dependent on the drugs to keep them less agitated and in a euphoria state of mind. This usually happens when young adolescents are already dependent on other substances such as alcohol or even cocaine. Another common negative trail that is followed by the teenage substance abusers is known as the club drugs club drugs are legendary known to be popular at rave clubs for young adults. Taking into consideration the rave clubs atmosphere these club drugs takes after its affect of hallucinogenic to the different neon colored lights, rave music and crowds of people; then can cause paranoia in a raving crowd. A major health fea r of rave clubs is dehydration due to the large crowds of clustered people in one large room. The category club drugs include; Ecstasy, GHB also known as a date rape drug, Ketamine, and Rohypnol also known as a roofies. Substance users who utilize ecstasy carry the affects of hallucinations, finely tuned energy, teeth grinding, and become very affectionate with others. It can also contain harmful effects on cognition. Chronic users who have been dependent are affected more rigorously such as cardiac problems and liver failure, increased rates of anxiety, and psychotic symptoms. GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) its popular use is to relieve anxiety and help relax. Its destruction of side of effects includes; high blood pressure, liver tumors, violent and aggressive behavior lowering pulse rate, and lack of reflex. Ketamine, also known as the street name kit kat is known for the cause of hallucinogenic effects, and being high its side effects include; loss of coordination, aggressive or vi olent behavior, blocked speech, an empty gaze, and exaggerated sense of strength. Heavily chronic users although have more dangerous effects such as, oxygen starvation of the brain and muscles, and even death. Lastly the substance acknowledged as the roofies is also known as the date rape drug. Roofies have sedative and hypnotic effects, as well as a high, blackouts, and confusion. The side effects of the date rape drug contain muscle pain and seizures. It can even cause death if mixed with alcohol or the depressant substance. Once a person starts to show the mentioned symptoms, they can be taken for an evaluation. There are 4 types of behavioral categories to test whether a person would be diagnosed with substance abuse. Any one of the four behavioral types must occur repeatedly during a one year time frame. The first category consists of the inability to perform toward the importance of a social priority such as home, work, or school due to the substance intake. The second category consists of knowing the physical harm it may bestow upon them, but will still use the substance repeatedly. The third category that may be diagnosed as a substance abuse is, getting involved numerous times as a consequence of the utilizing the substance. The last behavioral test deals with the abuse interfering continually with problems socially, professionally, and legally as an outcome of the use. Diagnosis of substance abuse and its treatment is only decided by a physician and or psychiatrist. Substance abuse is usually first seen in young adolescents and in college students. According to research, the average age of substance related disorder is 15-54 years old. A new research is starting to show that a substance such as drugs is not developing the same in females as in males in form of legal substances to illegal substances. Studies show that more women are cigarette smokers than men, and men are larger consumers of alcohol than women. In regards to illegal substances women experiment with cocaine more than men to use for intimate relationships. Men on the order hand are more prone for drug trafficking than women. Women who become substance abusers tend to have their life a bit more negatively complicated. For instance, women initiate childhood fears, anxiety, and failed relationships. Studies also show that 70% of female substance related abusers have been sexually abused or raped in their past history, and 32% of those women were pregnant before or at 18 years old. The refore, women with substance related disorders show more vulnerability, and carry a higher risk of obtaining posttraumatic stress disorder compared to men. Women can also affect their baby if pregnant while being under the influence of illegal substances. A main concern of substance use while being pregnant is very hazardous, that could lead to a miscarriage, low birth weight, newborns with smaller head size than healthy newborns, or even a child born with AIDS due to a mother injecting herself with used needles or maternal sex with a drug user. Substance related disorders do have treatment options available. There are also new preventive groups forming due to the intensity of encouraging the education of negative and life threatening affects of substances related use and abuse. AA groups are also a very helpful growing treatment option that has been available since1935. Alcohol Anonymous is a self-help group based on a disease model, which is one of the most common forms interventions for the alcohol substance abuse. Another form of group intervention is known as the harm-reduction model. The hard-reduction model which creates their focal point on how they got started on substance use and how they can control the substance use through behavioral and cognitive interventions. (Abnormal Book) When people start to withdrawal from substance there are therapies merged with comprehensive substance treatment programs that are used to help them through the process. Medications are also used to help someone diminish the need of subst ance use. Medications such as anti-anxiety, anti-depressants, and antagonists are all used to help eliminate substance related disorders. There are also numerous behavioral techniques that are used to eliminate substance use. For example, encourage the person to stop the drug intake, and trying to find something to replace the substance whenever its craved, and learning how to manage to stay away from the desire of the substance. Other therapies include, aversive classical conditioning, covert sensitization therapy, and cue exposure and response prevention. The NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) created a neuroimaging technique that enables them to look into the brain of conscious and behaving individuals to see the reflective effects that negatively impact the brain. NIDA is also in the process of creating a new medication and is currently in the testing development for the new drug. NIDAs new medication that is currently in its testing stage is intended for heroin addiction, buprenorphine and buprenorphine combined with naloxone. NIDA is also working on new prevention treatment programs with their latest technology and discoveries involving the neuroimaging technique. Like all disorders, each has its own set of prognosis upon each type. Substance-related disorder prognosis is determined by numerous factors per individual and their situation. For example determining which substance is used, how many being used, the reason of abuse, personal vulnerability, socioeconomic status, social support, any sort of psychiatric disorder history, and duration of abuse. Common prognoses for people who are drug abusers include an antisocial life, and frequent factors of death such as accidental overdose, car accidents, and HIV. There is about a 10-15% morality death rate between 10 years for opioids user. Cocaine users on the other hand have a higher success rate of withdrawal treatment. Due to the fact that cocaine is a heavy substance to obtain and many adolescents give it up at some point in time. However having a greater chance of substance withdrawal is only possible with seeking medical treatment and committing to a therapy treatment, or a support group. People with substance related disorders do get very aggressive and will go out their ways for drugs. Working at a pharmacy, gives a little more perspective and an inside look at how much and how far substance abusers will go. Many will pay whatever high and over priced narcotic medication just to get the drugs. Many will even start a fight if not given a drug, or invent false counterfeit stories every week of how 120 tablets of vicodin were gone in a 10 day period. Is there a difference between the word addict when it applies to complete different objects? How about when one craves this one thing, and must have a little of it every single day? When one is constantly thinking of that one crave that will not go away until the desire is fed, even though you know the damage it will do to you. This then brings me to a conclusion that I have an addiction, an addiction for sweets. Reading and investigating substance related disorders brings an understanding state of mind towards those with substance related disorders and its difficulty of withdrawal. Even though you may know the harm that its affecting when you fed the crave for that addiction sometimes feels worth it, until you look at yourself in the mirror and realize all the harm it has done to you and your body. Nevertheless, sweets and substance related disorders are complete opposite and are not close to even compare against. The point is after engaging and relating to my research to the smalle st way, it can be done especially when it comes to the circumstances of becoming a life and death situation. When it becomes a situation thats where the difference of addict is. There is a way to prevent drug abusers behavior and different ways to treat drug addictions. Straussner, S. L. A. (2001). Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment. New York: Guilford Press. Title Teen drug abuse / Pamela Willwerth Aue, book editor. Alt Author Aue, Pamela Willwerth. Pub Info Detroit : Thomson/Gale, c2006. National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information., United States. (1900). Drug abuse prevention report. Rockville, Md: National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information. National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)., United States., United States., United States. (1973). Alcohol, drug abuse, mental health, research grant awards. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health. BioMed Central Ltd. (2006). Substance abuse treatment, prevention and policy. London: BioMed Central.

“Cyberschool” by Clifford Stoll Essay

Cyberschool is a story well written by Clifford Stoll, who shows us what Cberschool is. Cyberschool is an idea, a reform, and a solution that has been explained in the story. The idea of Cyberchool is ironic and unceremonious, or at least explained that way. The use of technology is in play, trying to expand education by using technology. As a reform, they discussed getting rid of teachers, and that would cut back lot of other opportunities. Seeing a teacher is one thing that your not able to do, and sometimes is very important to get a face to face experience. It also eliminates luxuries such as, art lessons, and field trips. All these things that are being eliminated recoup the price of what’s spent on the computers. Money as well would have to be spent on CD-ROMs for educational games. Cyberschool is said to showcase technology and train students for the upcoming electronic workplace. Author Clifford Stoll expresses Cyberschool theme to us as tremendously satirical and informal. Bringing back reform, the paper is shown that it’s supposed to help, but rather far from that. Clifford Stoll has well expressed his thoughts, and theme with a clear understanding, but still slacked on some certain occasions. The idea is just crazy, but some may find it genius. After reading Cyberschool, it kept reminding me of online classes. I have personally taken them, and find them not as bad as some may think. It is an advantage to have a face-to-face discussion with a teacher though. If at anytime have questions, they wouldn’t be able to get the same answer as a teacher would give. Cyberschool to me was a well-written plan, and had ups and downs. It could save money and cost money, for example, getting rid of teachers, and buying computers and CD-ROMs.